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which indicators determine the pros and cons of the lamps
Common lamps on the market is basically divided into two groups, made light occupies a low price, imported lamps have become burning package synonymous. Quality differences between domestic lighting quality and imported lamps, mainly in the following three aspects
1, the accuracy of the optical type. Made the headlight reflector bowls, most using the shape of the computer-aided design, instead of using the mode of turning model directly from the molding products, piracy, and for more details of things, very few manufacturers of the real in-depth study. For lights lamps, a final type of light depends not only on the design of the reflector bowl also includes a lens portion (lights on the front of the transparent glass or polyester cover). This two completely the appearance of imitation can be done, but on talking about the refractive index of the lens and halogen wire non-point-like light source, light type precision is difficult to be a simple copy.
We know that the impact of the refractive index of light through the lens of the light direction; and the distance between the lens and reflector bowls, but also directly affect the accuracy of the outgoing light direction. The latter is likely to be copied, but the refractive index of the lens depends on the material itself, this is not the analysis of precision instruments, it is difficult to completely copy.
Furthermore, we are now commonly used light source – halogen, which itself is not an ideal point source. As you know, the filament is a certain length, will never be using a simple high school physics knowledge to deal with this light catadioptric. High school physics knowledge can direct the direct use of our own to buy a spherical glass shell cut in half, the inner surface coated with reflective film, the lights installed in the center of the sphere\\ s position, it can be used as spotlights a.
Look at the light emitted by the light placement at the filament in the overlay in order to precisely control the final non-point-like light source light type, must rely on the professional-aided design software software filament point by point calculation of the optical path be able to get the final optical design (which is why many people install HID found divergent reasons in light, the light-emitting point of the HID light with halogen lamps, can not completely coincide, it is usually a curved polyline, similar to lightning the same). Even when you use a non-standard specifications produced by the bulb will cause the final deviation between the beam type and design of light type. A good lighting, and will let you in the design of light-the vast majority of luminous flux, luminous flux falls outside the design area only a few.
2, the temperature capabilities of the reflector bowl coated with antioxidant capacity. The coating of the reflector bowl, its pros and cons on the issue, the most intuitive feeling is that the size of the reflectivity. Usually we buy new lights can reach a good reflection effect, only in part of the coating of very poor quality headlight reflector bowl surface to find a large number of bubbles, impurities, protrusions, the intuitive quality. Usually normal quality of the products will never let you see these, because this situation for the quality control system in general belong to the defective product. But the real distinguishing quality products and deputy factory place, but it is the inherent quality of the reflective film.
lamps selection should be noted that
Decoration in the home, the head of the household in addition to the purchase of tiles, sanitary ware, flooring, lamps and even doors and windows to fully understand the building materials market, renovation supervision or acceptance should also have the expertise, health and environmental protection should also make vigorous efforts to. Below us, lamp selection should pay attention to what the problem.
Most want to buy what you want lamps buyers value of attention to the problem, then we should like to see how a light is suitable?
First of all, we need to look at the style of the decoration of his room in the end which type is the European and American style is simple modern European style, of course, installed in a room inside the Crystal Light is no better, high taste and high the symbol of the grade! simple modern lamps together with the simple lines, as the whole room is a modern dynamic visual here is not to say which is better than which, but which is more suitable.
Then we in the selection of lamps should pay attention to what the problem?
A look at the light material, not the same as the material is not the same price, like a crystal lamp crystal and crystal acrylic, these two things to two concepts, because if the crystal is a few dollars costs that acrylic is a few cents of the cost if you buy the acrylic crystal that really is too much injustice. (Which if necessary you can contact myself, I engaged in the lighting industry has been almost seven years, the original intent to answer questions for you buyers want to buy the real thing)
2 look at the style of lighting, and many stores say their own style and how new and how the pleasant. In fact, people like things are not necessarily suited to their new style of lighting is not necessarily their favorite, the high price of the house to match, so people say that someone else said, the most important need depends on their own in the end is what can own style of decoration to get buy.
3 in terms of electric energy saving, have now been to promote energy conservation, believe this worldwide use 40W do not go with the 60W, if you believe that the comrades of the electricity sector is no opinion, but this energy conservation and we said earlier, there is a lot of different, and each month you bag the silver will be less. Therefore, the brightness of light is appropriate on the line, it does not have more money, but also the desired effect is the best! (How much wattage light source, the problem is more professional in how much room I stay until the next Furthermore, please pay attention!)
This is most concerned about – the price, this issue I would like all of a sudden is hard to say because different manufacturers is not the same price, not the same material is not the same price, not the same style is not the same price, not the same people to buy is not the same price, but the overall point is that sellers want to conscience to sell things to buyers according to the number of silver of your own pockets to buy I want to so so in the buying and selling between will have a balance!
energy-saving lamps to buy seven need to be cautious
Advocated in most home lighting and use the most energy-saving lamps. In fact, the correct purchase of energy-saving lamps for the general public is not a worry, here to tell you about the next person on the proposal to buy energy-saving lamps.
Energy-saving lamp has many advantages, to buy up than light bulbs, color temperature, color rendering and power a variety of options. Therefore need to purchase learning and mastery of certain professional knowledge. Energy saving compared with incandescent lamps, high brightness, low energy consumption, stable light effects, etc., choose to use more and more members of the public.
Because a variety of energy-saving lamps on the market quite a mixed bag, to better safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, consumer associations to remind you that the time of purchase is important to note the following seven:
1 Select the authoritative certification mark
Safety certification mark for \"CQC\", the signs that the product is recognized by the China Quality Certification Center, meet the safety requirements stipulated by the China Quality Certification Center;
Energy certification mark for \"Day\", the signs of the product by the China Standard Certification Center recognized, in line with the requirements of energy conservation provisions of the Standard Certification Center.
2, see Packaging
The national mandatory energy-saving lamp product packaging must be labeled with the mark of origin, the rated voltage and the voltage range, rated power, rated frequency;
Light on the packaging or manual, must be marked on the lamp current, as well as other security-related supplement.
To understand the model of energy-saving lamps
Such as the product of an energy-saving lamps marked Model: YPZ230/9- 3U · RR · D6500K. Its meaning:
YPZ on behalf of the general lighting with self-ballasted fluorescent lamps (CFLs);
230/9, rated voltage 230V, rated power of 9W;
3U, said the structure of the light (by the three U-shaped tube);
RR said light emitting color; D represents the electronic self-ballasted;
6500K correlated color temperature or the Chinese Daylight.
4, how to choose the model of energy-saving lamps
Under the same lighting effects, the power of the energy-saving lamps for incandescent lamp 1/6.
Therefore, if you want to get a 60W incandescent lighting effects, 10W energy saving lamp can be; Color can be selected according to the environment and personal preferences.
5, the appearance of the Select
A look at the lamp, the lamp is loose, the lamp phosphor coating is uniform (uneven lighting effects, or ultraviolet light leakage), seamless coating, powder out, Phosphors should be crystal white, not yellow or gray hair phenomenon;
Power two to see lit lamp, the lamp light is normal uniform, the lamp should be no obvious dark spots, luminous body flicker-free.
6, note that the interchangeability of lamps
Interchangeability is the product of the lamp and lamp holder are indicators of good fit.
The interchangeability bad cause difficulties when the lights installation and removal, so that light can not be reliably fixed in the lamp holder, resulting in a safety hazard.
7, read the instructions carefully
Read the text on the product specifications and packaging, can not only learn the proper use of the product, can also learn a number of other performance products such as power factor, the luminous efficiency, and help consumers understand the product quality situation.
decoration finishing touch lighting to buy the “Dragon”
As to show the effect of the decoration of the most important "finishing touch" of the pen – the choice of lighting has been troubled by a problem of the consumers. Choose what kind of light is suitable for their style of decoration? What kind of price is the most cost-effective? What kind of lighting is safe?
Lighting choose to be happy – Lighting purchase of the "Dragon":
The first step: Brand
In the purchase of the light, we must establish the principles that go to the stores to buy brand lighting. Brand to buy in principle to choose the highest price, the most suitable for your lighting. For example, on the market NVC lighting, Philips and other well-known brands at home and abroad. The brand has shops mostly in the shop getting goods sales-based!
Step two: security
Safety is always the most important, you can purchase the lamp when the sales staff to produce the relevant 3C report! Some lamps suitable for use where should before buying consult the sales staff. For example, under normal circumstances, the bathroom should use water, fog type lamps.
The third step: energy-saving
For ordinary people, energy-saving = Festival of money, save you the cost of using. So the best choice for energy-saving light source in the optional lighting. Halogen high energy-consuming light fixtures to minimize the use
Step 4: Functional
According to the function of the region to select different types of lamps. For example, the bedroom, do not choose spotlights! Bathroom should choose the waterproof, fog type lamps. The old man s room should be chosen high illumination lamps, to avoid the old unexpected!
Step 5: cost
With the least money to buy better things. We should come to understand in light of the material, style, technology, the cost of a lamp. Such as a crystal lamp, crystal ball, the price of 108 surface and 220 surface of a crystal ball that is a big difference! Purchased the lamp at the same time, do not just look at the businesses offer more to understand the nature of the light !
Step 6: Simplicity
The greatest effect of the lighting is to show the effect of the decoration, the best in the time to buy is a simple principle, easy to replace the light source, and easy maintenance of the lighting is the best choice!
Step Seven: Coordination of
Lighting design style must be coordinated, should maintain the coordination of the overall color or style coordination. Such as the design of modern minimalist style more should choose white or silver lamps, traditional Chinese style should choose a traditional style of sheepskin light. In addition the best selection of brand lamps series lamps, for example, the divergent series of NVC.
The final step: Popularity
If you still do not vote for the lights, to decorative city to see, Which stores more people in Which to buy it! Believe that people s eyes are sharp.
amps to buy five principles
The overall style of the lighting of the room to coordinate the same room of a variety of lighting, color coordination should be maintained or style coordination. Such as wooden walls, cabinets, the wooden top of a rectangular balcony, suitable for the rectangular wooden lamps; with wrought iron table, iron pipes and glass dining tables and chairs rectangular hall, suitable for the rectangular iron pipe material chandelier. Lighting market, many lamps are optional when the following five principles:
Simple principle
The lighting in the room should serve as a finishing touch. Too complex shape, too complicated colors are not suitable to design a simple room.
To facilitate the principle of
Most people have experienced the embarrassment of replacing ceiling lamp bulb: stepping on the table, Inspired by the chair, head held high of 90 degrees, lift the arms too far to even higher ceiling of 2.5 meters. Select lighting, be sure to consider the change bulb. Energy conservation principle of energy-saving light bulb energy saving, illumination and good, it will not emit too much heat, suitable for long lamps. Energy-saving light bulbs are standard screw, and the chandelier have two caliber, is a standard, you can use the energy-saving light bulbs; a non-standard, you can not use energy-saving light bulbs. The choice to pay attention: the spotlight most of the non-energy-saving products.
Safety principles
Be sure to select the regular factory lamps. Regular products are marked with the total load, total load, you can determine how much wattage bulb, especially for long chandelier is the most important, namely: the wattage of each bulb in the first few × = total load. Another tidal bathroom, the kitchen should use waterproof lamps.
Function principle
Different function rooms, different styles, lighting, lighting should be installed. Should be selected bright living room, rich and beautiful lamps; bedroom should be used in people lying on the bed to feel the glare of lamps; the children\\ s room should be used in bright colors, styles variegated lamps; toilet should be used in a simple style waterproof lamps; the kitchen should be selected to facilitate wipe clean the lamps; some require special performance can also choose the spotlights.
Principle of coordination
The overall style of the lighting of the room to coordinate the same room of a variety of lighting, color coordination should be maintained or style coordination. Such as wooden walls, cabinets, the wooden top of a rectangular balcony, suitable for the rectangular wooden lamps; with wrought iron table, iron pipes and glass dining tables and chairs rectangular hall, suitable for the rectangular iron pipe material chandelier; security gold cabinet door handles golden spotlights bedroom, suitable lights with gold decoration.
How to buy solar-powered LED energy-saving lamps
1, the brightness of LED solar energy-saving lamps, different prices. LED solar lamp LED solar energy-saving lamps shall comply with the Laser Level Class I standards.
2, the antistatic ability of solar LED energy saving lamps: antistatic ability LED solar light, long life, and hence the price is high. The antistatic usually greater than 700V led solar lights can be used for solar led lights lighting the same wavelength LED solar lights, the same color, such as requiring the same color, the price is high. Not led solar lamp spectral separation device manufacturers are difficult to produce pure color products.
Led solar energy-saving lamps, leakage current is one-way conductive light, if the reverse current is called leakage, leakage current LED solar light, short life, low price and 5, the use of different light angle LED solar light emitting angle is not the same. Special light-emitting point of view, higher prices. If all diffusion angle, the higher prices.
6 Solar LED energy-saving lamp life, solar LED light key to quality is life, life light bad decision. Light decay, long life, long life and high price.
7, chip led solar light emitter chip, chips, prices vary widely. Japan, the U.S. chip price is expensive, and generally made in Taiwan and chip prices lower than the day, the United States (CREE).
8, the size of the chip size chip to the side, led solar lights of the big chip quality is better than small chips. Price proportional to the same chip size.
, Ordinary LED solar lights in colloidal colloidal general epoxy resin, led solar light UV and fire retardant in expensive, high quality outdoor led solar lamp lighting should be UV and fire. Each product will have a different design, different design for different purposes, the reliability of LED solar lamp lighting design include: electrical safety, fire safety, for environmental safety, mechanical safety, health and safety, safe use of time factors. From the electrical safety point of view, should comply with the relevant international and national standards.
flat panel solar water heater collector welding equipment and technology
Flat panel solar water heaters the endothermic Banzhu have aluminum and copper are two kinds of fluid channels there are two kinds of copper, aluminum. Aluminum tubes due to the need to consider the problem of corrosion, have adopted the basic brass. In addition to early a lot of manufacturers use copper and aluminum composite technology now mainstream welding methods. Flat panel solar water heater collector (collector plate) welding, there are two main ways: 1, laser welding; ultrasonic welding. These two welding methods have advantages and disadvantages, the following detailed analysis: Laser welding is the use of high-energy laser weld metal melting resulting from the connection. Interval in the form of 3-5mm a solder joint welding in the solar absorber plate welding.
Advantages: the welder parts do not need to pressure the overall deformation is small (according to the Chief Engineer of a flat-panel solar energy companies to reflect: with the German laser welding machine weld convexity of the board meeting, the phenomenon of contact with the glass wear flowers. This is just Contrary to the ultrasonic welding, ultrasonic welding is concave); the destruction of the heat-absorbing layer surface.
Disadvantages: pieces of metal and brass between absolute thermal conductivity area is small, the impact of heat transfer efficiency; and difficult to align the welding of brass flatness requirements; poor solder joint strength, alternating hot and cold frequent or external solder joints easy to break.
2 on behalf of the manufacturer of ultrasonic welding: Chu Xin electromechanical ultrasonic welding is reciprocating acceleration generated by the ultrasonic welding head, so that the weld metal at room temperature, the physical connection.
Advantages: solid welding, thermal conductivity and high efficiency.
Disadvantages: the layer of heat-absorbing surface will leave about 3mm welding marks, reduce the heat-absorbing area; the surface of the sheet to produce wavy deformation can be avoided; surface embossed brass mechanical strength requirements.
air-conditioning systems
Central air conditioning system
All air handling equipment (fans, filters, heaters, coolers, humidifiers, dehumidifiers and cooling units, etc.) are concentrated in the air conditioning room, air handling, sent by the duct of air-conditioned room. This air conditioning system heat and cold sources are concentrated. It handles air large amount of reliable operation, ease of management and maintenance, but the engine room covers an area of
Semi-centralized air-conditioning systems
Concentrated in the air-conditioned computer room air handling equipment, and only deal with part of the air, In addition, in the dispersion of air-conditioned room air handling equipment. Or indoor air-situ treatment, or to supplement the air from centralized processing equipment reprocessing. Induction system, fan coil + fresh air system is a typical example of such semi-centralized air-conditioning system.
Local air conditioning systems
This system is decentralized air handling equipment within the air-conditioned room, so the local air-conditioning systems, also known as a distributed air-conditioning system. Typically used in air conditioners fall into this category. The air conditioner indoor air treatment equipment, an indoor fan output system with hot and cold source and the refrigerant in a cabinets. Distributed air-conditioned transportation to the indoor hot and cold carrier, but the wind will be processed within the fan coil in the room.
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By the media of the burden of cooling and heating load are
All-air system
This system is air-conditioned rooms, hot and cold load all of the treated air to bear. Central air conditioning system is the whole air system.
All water system
This system is air-conditioned rooms, hot and cold load all rely on water as hot and cold media to bear. It does not solve the ventilation of the room, is generally not used independently. No new wind of the fan coil is the whole water system.
Air – water system
Such a system is air-conditioned room cooling and heating load by air and by water borne. The fan coil plus fresh air system is of such a system.
Refrigerant system
This system, air-conditioned room cooling and heating load is directly borne by the refrigerant of the refrigeration system, the local air-conditioning systems fall into this category.
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By cooling media types are
Direct evaporation system
Refrigerant evaporation in the cooling coil, draw coil and outdoor air heat. It is suitable for a little air conditioning load, air-conditioned rooms are concentrated occasion.
Indirect cooling system
Refrigerant evaporated in the dedicated evaporator absorbs heat, cooling the chilled water (also known as the refrigerant water), chilled water pumps transported to special water-cooled surface cooler cooling air. It applies to air conditioning load, the room is scattered or automatic control requirements of the occasion.
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Use of fresh air division
DC systems
Also known as a new air conditioning system. The air conditioner handle the air for fresh air, and sent to the room all emissions to the outside into the heat and moisture exchange, there is no return air duct. Health conditions such systems, energy consumption, the poor economy for the harmful gases produced by the workshop. Laboratories.
Closed system
The air conditioning system to process all the air recirculation did not add a new wind system. System energy consumption, poor sanitary conditions, the need for oxygen in the air regeneration and equipped with carbon dioxide absorption device. Such as for underground construction and submarine air-conditioning
Hybrid system
A mixture of air conditioners of air from the return air and fresh air. Both DC and closed the advantages of the more common air-conditioning systems, such as hotels, theaters and other places.
advantages of central air conditioning system
- To embody the user the highest requirements:
Economic energy: the host is controlled by the microcomputer, the end of each interval the fan coil can adjust the temperature interval when no one can shut down, automated operation system based on the actual load, power billing, do not boot at no charge, effectively saving energy and operating costs .
Environmental protection: host water source heat pump units, electric refrigeration, there is no combustion process, to avoid the sewage; the entire system for closed piping systems, mold dust and other impurities can be avoided pollution, fresh and beautiful environment, especially suitable for high-end villa senior apartments and office use.
To save space: host compact, no room, without taking the device layer, to reduce the utilities and construction investment, the interior end of the hidden in the ceiling and easily tie in with the house renovation.
Personalization: central air conditioning system to the range for the unit to meet the needs of different users range indoor end of the installation of hidden way, does not affect the aesthetics of the indoor, does not occupy the interior space to adapt to the individual needs of users.
Simplified Management: separate control system using different intervals for all users, property rights relations explicitly to simplify the management of air conditioning.
Enhance quality: central air-conditioning host to avoid destruction of the floor, the overall appearance of the body, allowing users to fully enjoy high-end integrated environment at the same time, improve product quality and discount grade.
Investment to facilitate the installation of air conditioning systems: according to the superstore development, in stages investment, while the discount they upgrade, liquidity, and the effective use of funds to further development.
solar absorption air conditioning
Solar absorption air conditioning and heating system, the world is stepping up the solar energy air conditioning technology. According to the survey, have been or are being established with the countries and regions of the solar air conditioning system such as Italy, Spain, Germany, the United States, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong. This is due to air-conditioning energy consumption in developed countries accounts for a sizeable proportion of civilian energy consumption throughout the year, solar-powered air conditioning system to save conventional energy sources, protect the natural environment have great significance.
In order to further broaden the scope of application of solar energy, to make it play a greater role in energy conservation and environmental protection, in the Ninth Five-Year Plan \"period, the solar air conditioning technology, aims to tackle technical problems and system demonstration, solar air conditioning technology problem, which lay a technical foundation for the commercialization of the early realization of the solar air conditioning.